^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1 σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.Yamamoto et al., Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2006, 8, 110–131) List of isotopes Nuclide less than about 3–4 months in age, or about two half-lives of 7įrom the air to the ground in Japan (source M. In sediments is often used to establish that they are fresh, i.e. 7ĭecay in the sun is one of the sources of solar neutrinos, and the first type ever detected using the Homestake experiment. Is transferred from the air to the ground is controlled in part by the weather. These two radioisotopes of beryllium in the atmosphere track the sunspot cycle and solar activity, since this affects the magnetic field that shields the Earth from cosmic rays. The isotopes 7Īre both cosmogenic nuclides because they are made on a recent timescale in the solar system by spallation, like 14 In the universe is thought to be formed by cosmic ray nucleosynthesis from cosmic ray spallation in the period between the Big Bang and the formation of the solar system. Other possible beryllium isotopes have even more severe mismatches in neutron and proton number, and thus are even less stable. , has a half-life of 1.387(12) million years, which indicates unusual stability for a light isotope with such a large neutron/proton imbalance. Toward alpha decay, which is favored due to the extremely tight binding of 4īeryllium is prevented from having a stable isotope with 4 protons and 6 neutrons by the very large mismatch in neutron–proton ratio for such a light element. The 1:1 neutron–proton ratio seen in stable isotopes of many light elements (up to oxygen, and in elements with even atomic number up to calcium) is prevented in beryllium by the extreme instability of 8 , with a half-life of 650(130) yoctoseconds. All other radioisotopes have half-lives under 15 s, most under 30 milliseconds. With a half-life of 1.387(12) million years and 7 Of the 10 radioisotopes of beryllium, the most stable are 10 There are 25 other monoisotopic elements but all have odd atomic numbers, and even numbers of neutrons. Beryllium is unique as being the only monoisotopic element with both an even number of protons and an odd number of neutrons. It is also a mononuclidic element, because its other isotopes have such short half-lives that none are primordial and their abundance is very low ( standard atomic weight is 9.012 1831(5)). As such, beryllium is considered a monoisotopic element. Visit Bodycote’s new Interactive Periodic Table to view this information and more graphically.Beryllium ( 4Be) has 11 known isotopes and 3 known isomers, but only one of these isotopes ( 9 Chemical symbolįrom the Latin Argentum which originally meant shining metalįrom the Latin Aurum which originally meant yellowįrom Cuprum, the Latin name for Cyprus, the Roman source of copperįrom the Latin Hydragyrummeaning liquid silverįrom Natrium, the Latin namefor sodium carbonateįrom the Latin Plumbummeaning soft white metalįrom the Latin Stibiummeaning cosmetic powderįrom Wolfram, an old name for the element derived from its ore, Wolframite Visit Bodycote’s new Interactive Periodic Table to view this information and more graphically. In those cases, the origin of the symbol used is given. A very few elements have symbols which appear to have no relationship with their names. In some cases, the first letter together with some other letter from their name was used, particularly when their first two letters had already been allocated to another element. Most chemical elements are represented symbolically by two letters, generally the first two in their name. Powdermet® Selective surface net shape (SSNS)Īnti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement Sub-critical annealing / intercritical annealing Specialty Stainless Steel Processes (S 3P) Precipitation hardening: Stainless steels Case hardening with subsequent hardening operationĬase hardening without subsequent hardening operationįluidised bed/salt bath nitriding/nitrocarburising
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